Recent advancements in diabetes prevention and treatment encompass nanotechnology utilizing nanoparticles (<100 nm) for non-invasive insulin delivery, the development of more potent vaccines involving cell-based and gene-based therapies for T1DM [88, 89], and medical nutrition therapy (MNT), a nutrition-focused treatment administered by a registered dietitian nutritionist to maintain normal blood glucose levels. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.