Another study uncovered that iMSC-EVs transferred miR-21-5p and miR-486-5p to promote hippocampal neural stem cells (H-NSCs) proliferation and neurogenesis through inhibiting EphA4, CDKN2C, and FoxO1 expression in diabetes mellitus-postoperative cognitive dysfunction (DM-POCD) (Lang et al., 2023). Here, EPHA4 is linked to diabetes mellitus.