For example, in an ALI model the respiratory sensitizers OPA, TMA, and HDI all induced OX-40L expression, differentiating them from skin sensitizers, but also showed sensitizer-specific upregulation of ST2 (OPA) vs TSLPR and IL-7R (TMA and HDI) (Mizoguchi et al., 2023). Here, TNFSF4 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.