HBeAg status, necro‐inflammatory grading score (G‐score) [27], HBV DNA level, and serum ALT level were used to cluster patients into four groups: 19 patients with HBeAg‐positive chronic infection, 38 patients with HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis, 11 patients with HBeAg‐negative chronic infection, and 14 patients with HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis (Figure 1A). Here, GPT is linked to chronic hepatitis.