INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Due to the detection of these antibodies, the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (ISPAD) suggests that testing for islet autoantibodies, such as GAD, islet antigen-2 (IA-2), zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), and insulin (IAA), should be performed in adolescents clinically diagnosed with T2DM who have not initiated insulin therapy, where feasible [3].