NPPB and hydrops fetalis: Accordingly, the latest 2023 Clinical Consensus of the HFA of the ESC recommended that NT-proBNP levels should be assessed whenever a patient is at risk of developing CV disease and HF to identify “heart stress”, a new condition sitting in between stages A and B HF and identifying asymptomatic individuals with risk factors and elevated plasma NT-proBNP, irrespective of the presence or absence of structural heart disease or cardiac dysfunction [11].