TLR9 and neoplasm: Mice treated with CpG and RT exhibited the longest time to tumor quintupling with a mean of 27.2 days compared with 8.3 days for mice treated with control, 11.9 days for CpG alone, and 20.6 days for radiotherapy alone, suggesting that the TLR9 agonist improves radiotherapy’s treatment effect in delaying tumor growth (Figure 1, C and D).