Somatic mutations known to cause MDS are mutations in epigenetic regulators, (TET2, DNMT3A, ASXL1, EZH2), RNA spliceosome components (SF3B1, SRSF2, U2AF1), transcription factors (RUNX1, TP53), signal transduction pathways (KRAS, NRAS, JAK2), and the cohesion complex (SMC3, SMC1A, RAD21, STAG2) (39, 40). Here, TP53 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.