Somatic mutations known to cause MDS are mutations in epigenetic regulators, (TET2, DNMT3A, ASXL1, EZH2), RNA spliceosome components (SF3B1, SRSF2, U2AF1), transcription factors (RUNX1, TP53), signal transduction pathways (KRAS, NRAS, JAK2), and the cohesion complex (SMC3, SMC1A, RAD21, STAG2) (39, 40). This evidence concerns the gene SF3B1 and myelodysplastic syndrome.