For sex-specific GWAS, a GWS association specific to males was found between MUC5AC and MUC5B, which highly colocalizes with a MUC5B eQTL in lung tissue and many studies have linked this variant to pulmonary disease like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [36, 37] and COVID-19 [38, 39]. This evidence concerns the gene MUC5B and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.