Indeed, at the serum level, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were reported to be higher in FMF patients during or between attacks than in healthy controls, supporting the ongoing subclinical inflammation in FMF (35). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and familial Mediterranean fever.