HP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Insulin homeostasis and actionare disrupted in obesity due to the primary anabolic cascades being blocked by Interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosisfactor-α are examples of pro-inflammatory cytokines released because of this activation [17].Acute-phase reactants such haptoglobin, serum amyloid-A, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and C-reactive protein are also produced inresponse to cytokines.