The involvement of ROS in CM development, sarcomerogenesis and contractility is known [50].Patient-specific iPSC-CMs generated from patients with left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) carrying a mutation in the cardiactranscription factor TBX20 are associated with perturbed transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling and a pathological LVNCphenotype at the single-cell level. This evidence concerns the gene TBX20 and left ventricular noncompaction.