SPP1 and neoplasm: In addition, the heatmap demonstrated inflammatory and angiogenic markers were expression-upregulated in the high ELF4 expression subgroup, including the angiogenesis-related markers such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), tumor-associated monocytes/macrophages (TAMMs)-related signatures such as transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI), complement c1q C chain (C1QC), secreted shosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) (Fig. 4C).