TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: 4E and SI Appendix, Fig. S7) (45, 46). Similar to the TDP-43 pathology in ALS, cytoplasmic translocation of TBPH was detected in the motor neurons of dCHCHD2−/− flies (Fig. 4E) (16). Furthermore, mitochondrial fragmentation was also observed, as seen in muscle cells (Fig. 4E vs. B).