SMAD3 and Aortic dissection: LDS is caused by an abnormality in transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling pathway‐related genes,3, 4 and fatal aortic dissection (AD) and rupture often occur at a younger age and with smaller vessel diameters than MFS, particularly in Type 1–3 LDS (TGFBR1/2: LDS1/2; SMAD3: LDS3).