The downregulation of M- and N-cadherin expression is considered to be related to the migration and invasion ability of tumor cells, and knockdown of pbx1 markedly downregulates the expression of M-cadherin but upregulates N-cadherin expression (Thuault et al., 2013; Lin et al., 2021), which illustrates the complexity of PBX1 in tumor development. This evidence concerns the gene PBX1 and neoplasm.