The urinary exosomal secretion of AQP1 and AQP2 was found to be reduced during the AKI stage and in rats undergoing unilateral and bilateral I/R.92 Lei and colleagues93 showed that AQP3 knockdown worsened kidney injury by inhibiting MAPK signaling in I/R mice and increasing apoptosis. This evidence concerns the gene AQP2 and acute kidney injury.