S100A2 and carcinoma of esophagus: S100A2 has been widely demonstrated to play a part in promoting tumor progression, such as in pancreatic adenocarcinoma17 and esophageal carcinoma.18 Nevertheless, research has revealed that S100A2 exhibits anti-cancer properties in gastric cancer.19 The precise reasons behind the divergent effects of the same gene in distinct tumor types remain elusive, underscoring the intricate nature of tumor molecular regulatory networks.