GLRX and diabetes mellitus: Grx-1 gene therapy mitigates myocardial infarction, apoptosis, and death signals associated with diabetes and I/R via the ASK-1/JNK/p38 MAPK pathway, while enhancing the survival signals of cardioprotective proteins, such as the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO-1, and the induction of e-NOS and the cardioprotective phase II enzyme, HO-1 [78].