ADAR1 was shown to induce immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide resistance in multiple myeloma by enhancing Alu-dependent editing and transcriptional activities of GLI1 (arginine-to-glycine substitution) (Lazzari et al., 2017), a Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway activator and self-renewal agonist (Fig. 5K). This evidence concerns the gene ADAR and plasma cell myeloma.