TNF and Sepsis: In models of LPS-induced sepsis, resveratrol has been shown to alleviate ALI by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis of alveolar macrophages, inhibiting the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, which are associated with the inhibition of NF-κB, p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways [174].