IL1B and Sepsis: In lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS) sepsis models of in vitro and in vivo studies, quercetin has been shown to reduce the phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor of κBα (IκBα), thus downregulating the activity of NF-κB and causing an overall marked decrease in systemic and macrophage production of TNF-β and IL-1β [119].