Yet, during many viral infections, such as Coxsackie virus B3, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), or Marburg virus infection, the increase in MyD88 upregulation and MyD88-IRF3/IRF7 interaction leads to the sequestering of IRF3/IRF7 (limiting the availability of IRF3/IRF7), thus exerting an inhibitory effect on the TLR3- and TRIF-mediated downstream signaling of the type I IFN response. Here, MYD88 is linked to viral infectious disease.