MTOR and gastrointestinal stromal tumor: For GIST, these are: (i) PI3K (phosphatidylinostol 3-kinase)/AKT (protein kinase)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin); (ii) RAS (rat sarcoma, monomer GTP)/RAF (rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma)/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and (iii) JAK (Janus-activated kinase)/STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) [27].