Elevated serum renin levels, correlated with plasma lyso-Gb3 levels in AFD patients, lead to increased Angiotensin II production, stimulating cardiac fibroblast activation, collagen deposition, Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA) production, and TGF-β1 secretion [147,148]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Nager acrofacial dysostosis.