This included elevated IL-1β, IL-6 [129], CCL2 and 5 [128], TNF, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) levels, lipid and 3-nitrotyrosine accumulation [125,126,127], immune cell infiltration [128], cardiac [125] and renal fibrosis [127], hippocampal neurodegeneration [130], as well as hepatic necrosis, apoptosis, and damage-associated inflamed foci [126]. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to renal fibrosis.