PTEN and non-small cell lung carcinoma: MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) plays a crucial role in various cancers, including breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by targeting PTEN, thereby affecting EMT and drug resistance through AKT signaling pathways [2,3].