TNF and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Two patients only showed toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation correlated positively with TNF and with a more elevated bacterial abundance but lower bacterial diversity than non-activated samples.The microbiota of samples with TLR activity was mainly composed of Gram-negative bacteria (Gammaproteobacteria, including the genera Haemophilus or Moraxella).Samples without TLR activity showed microorganisms commonly implicated in CRSwNP (Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, or Moraxella).