IGHE and Allergy: The ELISA-based macroarray immunoassay uses nano-bead technology as a molecular allergy explorer (ALEX®, MacroArray Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria) with allergen components spotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane in a cartridge chip using anti-human IgE labeled with alkaline phosphatase, and the microarray immunoassay on a preactivated amine-reactive polymer-coated glass slide as a solid phase uses fluorophore-labeled anti-human IgE monoclonal antibodies (Immuno CAP® ISACTM, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Phadia AB).