A comparative analysis of gene expression in MRI type 2 CSVD patients with clinically significant CI (MCI and dementia) and the control group showed a decrease in the ACOX1, BIN1, CD2AP, CD33, PSEL, TNFR1, VEGFA, and VEGFC genes (p < 0.05) in patients with CI. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFC and dementia.