TGFB1 and neoplasm: In this study, we tested the inhibitory activity of ANK-SNs compared to free ANK by using the in vitro system depicted in Figure 5A. CAFs were stimulated with IL-1α + IL-1β in the absence and in the presence of ANK, ANK-SNs, or SNs (i.e., to evaluate the basal level of cytokine modulation by the SNs alone), and after 2 days, the supernatant was collected for the detection of the tumor-promoting TSLP, IL-8, IL-6, and TGF-β cytokines [20,23,36,52,53].