Pathophysiological mechanisms linking vitamin D deficiency with an increased risk of carbohydrate metabolism disorders include the regulatory influence of the active metabolite of cholecalciferol—calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D)—on the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (which leads to the silencing of metabolic inflammation causing insulin resistance) and genes controlling insulin secretion [14]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and vitamin D deficiency.