MAPK3 and colorectal cancer: Furthermore, 6-MSITC induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116) by activating the ERK1/2-mediated ELK1/CHOP/DR5 pathway (see Section 5.4) [33,35], inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK, p38 kinase, and JNK) (see Section 5.5), and regulates inflammatory responses comprehensively in several cell lines (see Section 5.7) [12].