↓ T2D subjects after V-meal vs. M-meal:GSSG↑ GPx↑ Leptin⟷ Methylglyoxal concentration⟷ TNFα, MCP-1, or ghrelinObese subjects after V-meal vs. M-meal:↑ GSH↓ Methylglyoxal⟷ TNFα, MCP-1, or ghrelinHealthy subjects after V-meal vs. M-meal:↑ Ascorbic acid↑TNFα (but compared with T2D and O men is markedly lower)↑Leptin (but compared with T2D and O men is markedly lower)⟷ Ghrelin. Here, TNF is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.