PPARA and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Additionally, adiponectin upregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) pathways and its target genes, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which facilitates fatty acid transport into mitochondria for β-oxidation, reducing hepatic lipid accumulation and protecting against NAFLD and type 2 diabetes [73].