CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Overall, NSCLC outcomes in the United States have improved in the past few years, much of which can be directly attributed to early cancer detection as a function of early-screening programs and the development of novel gene targeted therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immunotherapies targeting programed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), programed death-1 (PD-1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) in the ICI family [7,9].