SOD1 and Insulin resistance: Considering this background, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of P. karwinskii leaves extract on the antioxidant enzymes SOD and catalase (CAT) in a model of obese rats with insulin resistance to determine its nutraceutical potential with respect to insulin resistance and oxidative stress and thereby assess its potential as an ingredient in the formulation of food supplements and functional foods to help treat diseases related to insulin resistance and oxidative stress.