Serna et al. showed in mice that hepatitis C virus structural protein NS5A-induced c-Jun expression leads to HCC development with diabetes and that c-Jun overexpression inhibits the expression of a rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR), which means that mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) cannot be formed [74]. The gene discussed is JUN; the disease is diabetes mellitus.