Although drugs targeting these signaling pathways, such as pirfenidone (an antifibrotic agent that reduces the TGF-β level) and nintedanib (a VEGFR/FGFR/PDGFR inhibitor), are clinically approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, they can only slow down the decline rate of pulmonary function. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.