Synergistically, IL-1β and TGF-β1 contribute to metabolic adaptations, promote secretion of the proinflammatory marker IL-6, and upregulate intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, thereby facilitating tissue invasion and enhancing immune cell adhesion within RA-SFs [13]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and rheumatoid arthritis.