Three of these were unique to IPF tissue: the fibrotic niche composed of myofibroblasts and aberrant basaloid cells, the airway macrophage niche containing osteopontin (SPP1)+ macrophages, and the immune niche containing mostly lymphoid cells, surrounded by deranged endothelial cells. The gene discussed is SPP1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.