The role of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1α is less clear in obesity; however, it is thought to recruit innate immune cells to AT in response to necrotic adipocyte release of “danger signals.” IL-1α may control early steps of AT inflammation during the onset of obesity and is antagonized by endogenous levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) to specifically inhibit IL-1 signaling (75). The gene discussed is IL1A; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.