SPP1 and triple-negative breast carcinoma: Several studies have demonstrated that the anticancer effectiveness of curcumin in triple-negative breast cancer is targeted via various important signaling pathways such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT, Foxo, HIF-1, NF-κB, p53, Wnt/β-catenin, OPN, Cox-2 and MMP-9 pathways [23,24,25,46].