TWIST1 and carcinoma: OSCC is populated by CSCs that display EMT features (such as upregulated TWIST1, newly synthesized N-cadherin, and downregulated E-cadherin), together with stem cell markers (e.g., OCT4 and SOX2) and cell surface molecules (e.g., CD44 and CD133) that are also expressed by CSCs from other types of carcinomas [233].