Specifically, the circulating inflammatory mediators shown to rise after AKI, such as TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-1 (interleukin-1), and IL-6 (interleukin-6), have direct depressant effects on the heart and have been shown to reduce left ventricular ejection fraction and cause long-term ventricular remodeling [38]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and acute kidney injury.