CD8A and neoplasm: In fact, a role in tumor progression was attributed to microbial communities, as their ablation via antibiotic administration drove a shift from immunosuppressive M2 TAMs to M1 TAMs in the pancreatic TME that concomitantly potentiated the intratumoral populations of Th1-polarized CD4+ and the cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, in a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent manner [152].