MAPK8 and neoplasm: Furthermore, it was also confirmed that the intracellular mechanisms responsible for inhibiting tumour growth were related to increased levels of pro-apoptotic genes, including JNK, cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, and decreased proliferation and reduced expression of anti-apoptosis-related genes such as ERK1/2, Bcl-2, CDK4, cyclin D1, PCNA and survivin.