For example, MSCs with positive expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate-3-phosphatase (PTEN) also effectively inhibited tumour growth, induced cell cytotoxicity, and significantly prolonged survival in mouse models of various human cancers [181,183,184]. This evidence concerns the gene BMP4 and cancer.