Lactate has the potential to enhance levels of BDNF, a protein highly expressed in the brain that regulates neuronal plasticity, thereby promoting learning and memory as well as neuroprotection.[49, 69, 70, 71] Consistently, our results demonstrated that HCRTR1 antagonists ameliorated cognitive impairment induced by CUMS while reversing the decline in hippocampal lactate levels and BDNF expression, which exhibited a positive correlation. This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and Cognitive impairment.