In SH-SY5Y cells stimulated with Aβ1–42 or 6-OHDA, DMF has been reported to increase cellular viability and reduce intracellular ROS production, both through the activation of HMOX-1, while a study treating ALS patient-derived macrophages demonstrated DMFs ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as NF-kB (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.