It is important to note that a recent study has demonstrated a significant upregulation of NRF2, HMOX-1 and NQO-1 mRNA expression, as well as an increase in HMOX-1 and NQO-1 protein levels in the spinal cord of ALS patients (Lastres-Becker et al., 2022). Here, HMOX1 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.