In post-mortem patient samples, both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of NRF2 have been reported to be reduced (Sarlette et al., 2008) and proteomic analysis of spinal motor neurons from humans with SOD1-related ALS had revealed that the NRF2-induced gene peroxiredoxin is transcriptionally repressed (Wood-Allum et al., 2006). The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.