PDK1 and colorectal cancer: For example, E2F1 expression was upregulated by non-SMC Condensin II Complex Subunit D3 (NCAPD3) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, which in turn promoted the transcription of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) and PDK3 genes, significantly enhancing Warburg effect and leading to advanced disease (Jing et al., 2022).