We hypothesize that NPS triggers the initial immune recognition response through the release of Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) and downstream signaling events, whereas the addition of aOX40 sustains a robust type 1 CD8+ T cell-mediated immune response by depleting the environment of regulatory T cells36–38 and promoting the survival and migration of cytotoxic T cells to distal tumor sites.29,39–42. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.